thank you
slight disagreement and only for the true addict.
if His direction would be simply to do this or that, your mashal would fit completely, but that is not the case, The instructions and guidebook are somewhat vague, certainly when it comes to this behavior and how we are to stop it.
So here is how i understand it: I am not in control over the success or failure of this particular mission, but I am in control regardin' the paths and methods and effort I choose to enable Him to manage.
As I quoted before, and I will again here, this is only for those who are completely addicted and lost their bechira on this. for all other people and other matters, there is bechirah and we choose to be the manager over patience and anger and compassion, etc.
Here it is again from Rabbi Tanenbaum:
Warning: Spoiler! 1. We admitted we were powerless over alcohol -- that our lives had become unmanageable.
In this step, the Jew is asked to admit that he cannot stop his addiction on his own, and that his life has now become unmanageable as a result.
Certainly, admitting to one’s self a fault or shortcoming does not need a source. The idea of admitting that his shortcoming has caused his life to become chaotic also does not need a source.
The question that people ask on this step lies in the word “powerless”. This word seems to imply that the alcoholic or addicted Jew does not have free will to stop their maladaptive behavior-here, the Jewish AA critics scream “but this cannot be because Hashem gives every Jew free will, and the Ramban teaches that God does not give any Jew a test that he cannot pass!? Surely, then, Jewish addicted people can stop drinking or drugging at any time, and step one of AA is against the Torah?!”
By adding an exclamation mark and question mark at the end of the previous sentence, I attempted to convey to you the excitement and bewilderment that the AA critics usually show on their facial expressions when asking this question.
The truth is that there’s nothing to get excited about, and as we shall soon see, R’ Shlomo Volbe says that this question is founded on what he calls “a complete mistake”.
Here are the words of the Mashgiach, R’ Shlomo Volbe, who qualifies for us what free will is, and what it is not:
Source-See R’ Volbe in Alei Shor, volume one, p. 156
“It is clear from this that free will isn’t something that is on the daily schedule of a Jew. Rather, free will is a trait that needs to be learned and acquired….and it takes a lot of work to be able to have “free will”….
We are able to acquire this trait with hard work, and that is why we are held responsible to learn it. According to this concept, we have arrived at a major idea in how to relate to ourselves and to other Jews-we should relate to ourselves and to other Jews as if they have no free will, and that their behavior is governed by his natural temperance, education, habits, and interests….
The great Rishonim indeed teach us that the idea of “free will” is the cornerstone for the whole Torah, and no one argues on this. However, a mistake leaked out amongst the simple Jews of our nation that “free will” means that any Jew has the power to choose good or bad, yes or no, in any situation that ever occurs-and this is a complete mistake.”
According to R’ Volbe above, who bases himself on Rabbeinu Yonah and R’ Yisrael Salanter, Jews do not have “free choice” automatically.
“Free choice” is something that needs to be learned, and maintained throughout one’s life by learning mussar, prayer, and working on one’s self. Therefore, any Jew who has not yet learned “free will” simply doesn’t have “free will”. This doesn’t mean he can shoot and steal and do whatever he wants-because as R’ Volbe also mentioned, every Jew is responsible for learning how to choose freely.
It comes out that according to R’ Volbe, an alcoholic Jew may not have free will to stop drinking, and at the very same he is obligated to do whatever he can to find and learn “free will” so that he can eventually stop. Interestingly, this is exactly the intention that AA authors had in step one. Celebrated AA advocates say “You may be powerless over your addiction but you are responsible for your recovery” (Source-see Carnes, “A Gentle Path through the 12 Steps”, p.7). This is also taught by R’ Avigdor Miller, who explains that it is possible for a Jew to lose free will in one area while still having free will in another area. In our case R’ Miller would say it is possible to lose free will over drinking, but still have free will to join AA or seek other forms of help (Source-see Lev Avigdor, Sha’ar Habechira, siman 4, paragraph 43).
Once we are discussing ways to qualify “free will”, it is fitting to tell you what R’ Eliyahu Dessler famously says about it; this also sheds light on step one and closely resembles the idea laid down by R’ Volbe.
R’ Dessler coined a concept called “Nekudas HaBechira”, which means that a person always has a choice in every situation of temptation, but what exactly is the nature of a person’s “free will” will depend on the individual at that time, and with those circumstances; the nature of his free will may even change every day of his life.
According to R’ Dessler, free will is when a person’s level of truth meets face to face with his level of sheker, thereby creating doubt. In this place of doubt, where one can choose either way, we say that he has free will. Of course, it must be a situation where the person’s nature plays no role on choosing one way or another, because if so, then this again is not considered “free will”.
If I am correct, this teaching of R’ Dessler seems to mirror the words of R’ Volbe above.
R’ Dessler gives several clear examples to illustrate his point-a Rosh Yeshiva will never take a gun and murder people in a shopping mall when he is angry. Therefore, in regards to murder he has no free will to murder. Similarly, an angry, disgruntled neurotic man with a loaded assault rifle in his car trunk will have no free will not to murder people after being laid off from his job. In either case, their nature will motivate them to kill or not kill.
Free will exists only be in a case where either the neurotic man or Rosh Yeshiva has a doubt about what to do, and choose one way or another.
R’ Dessler continues to explain that as a person does teshuva, his level of free will moves up. Conversely, when a person sins, his point of free will moves down.
See R’ Dessler in Michtav Me’Eliyahu, volume one, p. 10, p. 113, and volume 4 p. 95.
In either of the two extreme cases where a person does total evil or total good, they will also lose their free will entirely, and be subject to the whim of their evil or holy nature, and their free will is taken away (See Tanya chapter 17 who discusses this at length, and the Ba’al Shem Tov in Kesser Sheim Tov 152 who mentions this in passing).
R’ Avigdor Miller also says that by (Source-see Lev Avigdor, Sha’ar Habchira, siman 4, paragraph 53) using free will properly, Hashem gives him more free will; by misusing bechira to choose bad, Hashem reduces his ability to freely choose. This is exactly what R’ Dessler says above about Nekudas Habechira.
In another place R’ Miller writes that (Source-see Lev Avigdor, Sha’ar Habchira, siman 3, paragraph 27) because it is possible for a person to lose or decrease his free will, a Jew is therefore responsible to guard his ability to choose and not to lose it. Sometimes people place themselves in situations where they lose their ability to choose as a result, and they are responsible for putting themselves there, because it was their choice that they entered that situation. So although the Jew may not have free will once he is already in this situation, he is still responsible for walking into it. This is another place where R’ Miller would say that it is possible that a Jew has no free will to stop drinking, although he may be responsible for creating the addictive cycle in the first place.
The point is, according to all these sources, it is possible for a Jew to have no free will over drinking or drugging and to be powerless to stop.
We cannot complete this discussion without bringing Rabbi Twerski’s favorite Gemara on the topic. Rabbi Twerski is fond of quoting the Gemara (source-see Kiddushin 30b) which says “the evil inclination of man becomes stronger than him each day and tries to kill him…and if God did not intervene and help out, there would be no way for the man to overcome it [the evil inclination]”. The Maharsha and Iyun Yakov explain that this Gemara is actually referring to a righteous person who truly wants to do the right thing, and nonetheless, the evil inclination is so powerful that it is actually impossible to overcome him without Hashem’s aid (source-see Maharsha and Iyun Yakov in Kidushin 30b). So what is this Gemara teaching us? That even people who have free will and truly want to choose good are powerless! Understand the chidush of this Gemara because it is a great chidush! Is there any better source for “powerlessness” than this?! I suppose that is why Rabbi Twerski is so fond of it.
This powerlessness over the evil inclination is certainly true of the wicked people who have no strong desire to overcome their evil inclination. This is supported by several other chazals, vian kan makom liha’arich.
Just to support this idea even further, the Ramchal (source-see Mesilas Yisharim, chapter two, end) says “it is obvious that even if a person supervises his conduct, it is not within his power to overcome the evil inclination without the aid of Hashem”.
This idea is so transparent in the Torah that the Ramchal said it is “obvious”; it is therefore truly astounding how ignorant AA critics make an empty fuss over the world powerlessness in step one! It is astounding that they err about something so “obvious”!
Conclusion about step one
Conclusion: We have seen from R’ Avigdor Miller that it is possible to lose free will in one area, while still having free will in other areas of behavior. We also saw from R’ Volbe, R’ Dessler, R’ Miller, and R’ Nachman that although every Jew has some sort of choice, he may not have choice over his behavior. The only choice he may have is to learn how to choose better than the way he is choosing right now, by joining AA, talking to a Rebbi, or in other ways. We also saw from R’ Volbe that some Jews never even learned how to choose in the first place, and they are held responsible for not learning how to have free will, but they still have no free will over their actual actions at the end of the day, making it correct to say that they are “powerless” to stop. Finally, we saw from the Gemara in Kidushin 30b that even Tzadikim who have free will and want to choose good are still powerless to the overwhelming power of their evil inclination. So to wrap it up:
a) Some people don’t have free will
b) Even the people that do have free will are still powerless to the yetzer hara without Hashem’s assistance, and this is true even about Tzadikim, and certainly about Rishaim
Before I go on to step two, I want to tell you a story I had with R’ Chaim Kanievsky and step one of AA.
On this very topic, let me tell you a short story that you won’t hear anywhere else.
I wrote a letter to R’ Chaim Kanievsky several years ago asking him “regarding a man who cannot seem to stop drinking alcohol on his own-is this man a wicked person who is using his free will to act wicked or a sick person who simply has no free will?”
If you are familiar with letter-writing to R’ Kanievsky, you will know that he never writes an answer that is more than about five words. These are the three words he used to reply to my question:
“Sheyeleich libeit mishugaim”
In English this is translated to mean “he [an alcoholic like the one I mentioned in my question] should go to a mental institution.”
It is obvious that according to R’ Kanievsky, the alcoholic who cannot stop on his own is robbed of his free will to stop drinking. Instead, he must use his free will seek a mental institution where he can receive treatment.
I wrote this letter to R’ Kanievsky simply because the man arguing with me would only listen to him. However, even without R’ Kanievsky’s reply our Torah has many sources for this idea.
My favorite source to quote for this topic is R’ Nachman in Sichos Ha”ran 67. There, it explains how some people have no free will at all over their behavior, and the only choice they actually do have is to seek help from somebody else who will tell them what to do.