Tanya Chapter 26 (Part 2)
ומה שכתוב: בכל עצב יהיה מותר, פירושו: שיהיה איזה יתרון ומעלה מזה
As for the verse,1 “In every sadness there will be profit,” which means that some profit and advantage would be derived from it,
הנה אדרבה, מלשון זה משמע שהעצב מצד עצמו אין בו מעלה, רק שיגיע ויבא ממנו איזה
יתרון
the wording (“there will be profit”) implies that, on the contrary, the sadness itself has no virtue, except that some profit will ultimately be derived from it.
והיינו השמחה האמיתית בה‘ אלקיו הבאה אחר העצב האמיתי, לעתים מזומנים, על עונותיו
במר נפשו ולב נשבר
This profit is the true joy in G d which follows the true i.e., justified sadness over one’s sins, with bitterness of soul and a broken heart, which must come at specific, suitable times.
Hence the “profit” of sadness is the joy that follows it.
שעל ידי זה נשברה רוח הטומאה וסטרא אחרא ומחיצה של ברזל המפסקת בינו לאביו שבשמים
Why should this sadness lead the worshiper to joy? For thereby (through one’s sadness) the spirit of impurity and of the sitra achra is broken, and so too the “iron wall” that separates him from his Father in heaven,
כמו שכתוב בזהר על פסוק: רוח נשברה לב נשבר וגו’
as the Zohar comments2 on the verse, 3 “A broken spirit, a broken heart, [You will not despise].”
The Zohar interprets the verse as follows: “A broken spirit of the sitra achra is accomplished by means of a broken heart” Since sadness over one’s sins causes the sitra achra to be broken, and the “iron wall” to vanish, it leads one to rejoice — as the Alter Rebbe now goes on to say:
ואזי יקוים בו רישיה דקרא: תשמיעיני ששון ושמחה וגו‘, השיבה לי ששון ישעך ורוח נדיבה וגו’
Then the preceding verses will be fulfilled for him: 4 “Make me hear joy and gladness”;… 5 “Restore to me the joy of Your salvation, and support me with Your generous spirit.”
This joy is the “profit” of sadness, whereas sadness itself is neither “profitable” nor advantageous.
וזהו טעם הפשוט לתיקון האר״י ז״ל לומר מזמור זה אחר תיקון חצות קודם הלימוד
This is the simple reason i.e., apart from the deeper, mystical ones for the practice instituted by the AriZal (Rabbi Isaac Luria) of reciting this Psalm containing the verses quoted above after Tikkun Chatzot (the midnight prayer) before resuming one’s Torah study —
כדי ללמוד בשמחה אמיתית בה‘ הבאה אחר העצב
in order that one should study with the true joy in G d, that succeeds the remorse of Tikkun Chatzot.
שיש לשמחה זו יתרון כיתרון האור הבא מן החשך דוקא
Such joy is of a greater quality than joy which is not preceded by sadness, similar to the distinctive quality of light which follows darkness.
כמו שכתוב בזהר על פסוק: ראיתי שיש יתרון לחכמה מן הסכלות כיתרון האור כו’, עיין שם, ודי למבין
As the Zohar6 comments on the verse, 7 “And I (King Solomon) saw that wisdom surpasses foolishness as light surpasses darkness.” Note there, and this will suffice for him who understands.
The Zohar asks: Does it take a Solomon to see this? And it answers that the intention of the verse is that just as darkness contributes to light, for we cannot truly appreciate light unless we have experienced darkness, so too does foolishness contribute to the appreciation of wisdom. Similarly in our case, one’s earlier sadness adds strength to the joy which follows it, and this is the “profit” of sadness. Sadness itself, however, is a hindrance in one’s service of G d.
ומקרא מלא דבר הכתוב: תחת אשר לא עבדת את ה‘ אלקיך בשמחה וגו’, ונודע לכל פירוש האר״י ז״ל על פסוק זה
Furthermore, the verse states explicitly: 8 “Because you did not serve G d your L-rd with joy...[therefore you will serve your enemies]” — and everyone is familiar with the explanation of the AriZal on this verse. 9
The verse reads: “Because you did not serve G d your L-rd with joy and gladness of heart, from an abundance of everything [good]” The simple meaning is: “When you had an abundance of everything you did not serve G d with joy” (This meaning is borne out by the context of the following verse: “You will serve your enemies in hunger, thirst, and nakedness, and in want of everything.”) But the AriZal interprets it thus: “You did not serve G d with a joy greater than that caused by an abundance of everything.”
We see from all the above the importance of serving G d joyfully. Yet, many things in one’s life, both physical and spiritual, may cause him sadness. The Alter Rebbe now goes on to propose means of combating this sadness, so that one may always be joyful.
First question we ask ourselves is that if indeed sadness is such a terrible and destructive force then why does Shlomo Hamelech , the wisest man of all time say “In every sadness there will be profit,” ??
The answer is as follows:
Sadness is not intrinsically good. But we need a measured dosage of sadness at certain times,to produce a benefit.
For example, poisons are harmful, even fatal, but when a person’s life is in grave danger, or loses consciousness, there may be a need to administer a small dosage of this “poison” to pull one out of this terrible state. During the shuir by Rav Jacobson, there was a doctor present who gave chemotherapy as an example. Chemotherapy is poison. But that poison has prolonged and in some cases saved lives.
והיינו השמחה האמיתית בה‘ אלקיו הבאה אחר העצב האמיתי, לעתים מזומנים, על עונותיו במר נפשו ולב נשבר
שעל ידי זה נשברה רוח הטומאה וסטרא אחרא ומחיצה של ברזל המפסקת בינו לאביו שבשמים
The key is to have
1) TRUE Sadness-not a false on. It comes from a true desire of coming close to Hashem
2)AT SPECIFIC TIMES (EXTREMELY , EXTREMELY ,EXTREMELY IMPORTANT-we will discuss this later.)
And THESE 2 Conditions break that Iron Curtain that separates you from Hashem
Chatzos is a time to cry and to grieve, it should break you into pieces, it should tear your heart into shreds, it should break that Iron Wall that separates you from Hashem
But Hashem does not want you to stay this way too long.
You must switch gears, because after Tikkun Chatzos you are to learn with SIMCHA, how in the world can you turn off the grief and turn on the joy? We are not machines.
That is why the Arizal instituted this chapter in tehillim
Why?
כדי ללמוד בשמחה אמיתית בה‘ הבאה אחר העצב
in order that one should study with the true joy in G d, that succeeds the remorse of Tikkun Chatzot.
שיש לשמחה זו יתרון כיתרון האור הבא מן החשך דוקא
Such joy is of a greater quality than joy which is not preceded by sadness, similar to the distinctive quality of light which follows darkness.
The Arizal tells us that it is true that sadness is no a good thing. But a dosage of it is needed to bring about a desired result.
When a person has bad substances in his stomach, he must take medication that causes him to throw up.
Extremely unpleasant
But it opens you up ,it gets rid of the garbage that is in your system, and thus it is truly a great healing for you.
So the Arizal tells us that you can learn with joy now. and it was that bitter grief stricken Chatzos that ultimately opened you up to that great joy
The Rebbe once expressed this by telling this story about the Rashab, the fifth Lubavitcher Rebbe.
A Yid came from far with a terrible dilemma
He pours out his heart to the Rashab
The Rashab tells him bluntly “I cannot help you”
The audience is concluded
The Yid is crushed.
He walks out of the room, into the hallway, and faints
The Rashab’s older brother (who was in Lubavitch in the early years) sees this Yid and revives him. The Yid weeps and cries and told him what the Rashab said
The Rashab’s brother runs in to the Rebbe “Is this how you treat a Yid ? Is this what you tell him? Even if it is true that you cannot help him, you can encourage, you can inspire, you can give hope?
So the Rashab says “Ok, call him back”
The Yid comes back into the room. The Rashab gives him a big Beracha and exact advice how to proceed and the Yid came out rejoicing and everything turned out well.
The Rebbe said as follows
This seems to be an absurd story.
If the Rashab had the ability to help him, he should have so originally
And if he couldn’t, what changed?
Many people are alive. But very few have a live “life” experience. They do good things, they raise a family, do mitzvos ,but they do not have a true experience. They are not living. because we live in a performance.Our acting director within us tells us that it is not time to do this or that. A real emotion is difficult to experience. A real relationship is difficult to experience. We are on stage. We are Actors. We play the role. Nice performance but it is acting, nothing more.
This is the Iron Curtain between you and Hashem.
What breaks this Acting and smashes down that Iron Curtain of separation?
Sometimes a very happy event
But usually it takes an utterly devastating event to make you real.
The Acting is forced to be stripped away
The Stage departs.
It’s the real you now.
So this Yid who came to the Rashab was “stuffed up”. He was not a vessel to receive the blessing that Hashem wants to give him.
So the Rashab tells him “I can’t help you”.
That was, in essence, SHOCK TREATMENT.
Those words broke this Yid.
And the broken Yid is forced to redefine himself.
The defective vessel breaks and a new strong one emerges.
Now he can be helped.
And I heard R’ Jacobson relate this story and then say as follows:
Child abuse, Spousal abuse, Parental Abuse ,a plague amongst us.
It causes blockage in the victims.
Falling into numb apathy
Until various healing processes (ie 12 steps therapy ect) open up the neshamah
Redefining the person
Breaking down that Iron Curtain
The Sadness departs and Joy emerges.
.