Hi, I don't want to call you by your username because in reality you're not changing from Bilaam Harasha to Yosef Hatzaddik, the truth is you are a tzaddik. These are big life questions you mention in your post. I hope I can share a couple of helpful things, but first I want to acknowledge that there is a lot on your plate! Life is constantly moving forwards and we're thrown from one phase into the next, and growing in Yiddishkeit while navigating this labyrinth is a big challenge! Avodas Hashem is a constantly moving target, and you're doing an unbelievably chashuv thing by wrestling with it like you are. With that said:
1) I would first focus on the fact that you are not back at square one. I don't know your religious journey (although I would love to hear about it and can share my number in a PM), but I'm guessing there was a time where maybe you didn't know G-d existed, maybe you didn't know that G-d is the source of morality, that the Torah is true, that our purpose in life is to connect to G-d and that the vehicle for that is the mitzvos. These are huge and invaluable revelations, and once you have them, they don't leave. They are a paradigm change in how you think and understand life. So, if you've gained those understandings and you didn't have them before, that is an unbelievable, huge step upwards in life and you aren't going back down. Feel special about that!
2) I remember earlier in my own journey, after reading some things online about shmiras habris I asked my rabbi about the issue. He was very very strong in telling me not to overthink or over focus on this issue. I know that this site exists for us to work on this issue and of course it needs to be addressed at some point. But, my rabbi said when he is being mekarev someone, he specifically does not introduce students to this issue, because you can get stuck, or worse you can be broken and feel negative about Judaism. In fact my rabbi's rabbi (an unbelievable person) once said the reason why America is struggling to produce talmidei chachamim is because of guilt over this issue. He told me that just like you would ease into other aspects of your avodah in a gradual and stepwise manner (thinking becoming shomer shabbos for instance), that's how you should approach this issue. Rather than launching into full shabbos observance by fully refraining from malachah, davening, all three seudas etc. it might really just start with turning your phone off on Friday nights and lighting candles (that's how I started). Just as you can take small steps with shabbos and not feel racked with guilt (actually you feel positive), so too you can do it with this issue.
3) Another point specifically about being a baal teshuva (in the modern sense of the word i.e. one who didn't grow up religious). I heard this one from another excellent rabbi who prefers to call modern baalei teshuva baalei gevurah. Because, the truth is if you didn't grow up religious then how can you say your past was sinful? If you discover Torah later on, turn towards it, and work as hard as you can (not being perfect, just trying your best) to change your approach to life, then really you are a tzaddik! On this note, related to the analogy of becoming shomer shabbos, I think it has to be a fundamental assumption in your religious journey that Hashem is absolutely fair. He doesn't expect you to do what you cannot do. If you spent around two decades non-religious, it really will just take time for you become a full-fledged Torah Jew. There is no button to press to become an instant G-d fearing Jew, it takes time and work (for non-baalei teshuva too). Your growth is not going to be linear. There will be times where you are on fire and connected, there will be times where you are ice cold and want nothing to do with it. Working through this ups and downs and going deeper into discovering who you are and what life is about is all a part of your avodah. But, know that this is the path Hashem wants you to take. He placed you in a non-religious upbringing, He knows the complications that come with that, and He knows this is the path best suited to you. The highs and lows are all a part of the plan.
4) About learning, it's awesome that you got contact info for a rabbi. Please I beg you, don't let this issue hold you back from taking the step of reaching out and getting set up with a nice chavrusa and getting involved in learning. Put this issue in a box for now. Feel really special that you have the fire of spirituality burning inside of you, and look forward to a life of growth and blessings. Learning Torah alone vs. with a rabbi or a knowledgeable chavrusa are categorically different experiences.
5) Last thing, for this we'd really need to chat over the phone but I've had quite a bit of experience carving out a path towards Torah while navigating the university system (graduate and undergraduate). It's very possible, there are many paths to take. If you want to chat further about this let me know.
I hope all this helps, excited to hear about your continued journey.