A way to increase the feeling you get from davening, learning, Shabbos, etc. is to PREPARE MENTALLY. Too often we go into a routine mitzva without giving it a thought. If we can only stop for a moment, and think "I am about to stand before my creator, the awesome creator of this awesome world, and praise him and beg him for my needs and the needs of my family," "I am about to learn the precious Torah that Hashem gave to us on Har Sinai through Moshe Rabbeinu, the Torah that so many of my ancestors died rather than stop learning." "I am going in to Shabbos, me'ein olam haboh."
These are just examples. Think of your own. Then there are specified kavonos for certain mitzvos, like krias shma, t'fillin, succah, shofar.
It's also helpful to say the tfila before learning (printed in the front of many gemorras and can also be found in the siddur). And the tfila upon leaving the Bais Medrish at the end of your day, even if you spent it working.
Have a great day and keep striving!
Alex